Bermudagrass invades agricultural crops and other. Augustine grass is the first grass that does well in Florida. It establishes rapidly and is competitive against weeds and, depending on the cultivar, is available as seed, sod or sprigs. 18 Types of Bermuda Grass. Floratam is another type of St. The most common forms in North America are smooth or short crabgrass and long or hairy crabgrass. 4. They are hybrid varieties of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). Hearty and resistant to heavy traffic, it’s also drought-resistant and the most cold-tolerant of the warm-season grasses. However, it can turn brown when the temperatures cool and is not recommended. Bahiagrass is a common grass that you can find easily along the highway in many southern states in the U. It has a light green color that looks a lot like your grass. Bermuda grass, one of the most popular warm season grass varieties in the world, is very well suited for the Carolinas. The best grass types. Buffalograss is used as a drought-tolerant turf grass in North America and is also grown for forage which makes it a popular choice for lawns in Broward County. Zoysia and Bermuda grass sod forming that spreads by stolons, rhizomes, and grass seed. GN-1 Hybrid. Some of the grassy weeds are tough to control and may require the. While the South is known for its warm, humid summers, it can still get pretty cold. Fescue grass can tolerate cold temperatures and drought, while Bermuda is weak against the cold but stands strong in high heat and drought. , 1977 ). Bermuda grass, found in more than 100 countries, is a warm-season grass. of 16-4-8 slow release fertilizer per acre in Late Spring, Mid-Summer and Early Fall. A Closer Look At Common Weeds that Affect Bermuda Grass. Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon) This is a perennial, warm-season type of grass that is also called scutch grass, devil’s grass, or dog’s tooth grass. ft. Mow at the correct height and frequency (Common Bermuda grass should be between 1 and 2 inches in height. If it starts turning yellow, Bahia grass needs iron. Any sort of frost will cause damage. When it comes to removing Bermuda grass, as I said earlier, I would definitely use an herbicide. Therefore, plan to plant bermuda grass during the spring and early summer. The foliage has a gray-green color; leaves are about 1. Their roots can grow as deep as 2 meters. Apply it directly to the plant’s base to kill its root system and, consequently, the whole plant. This weed invades lawns, landscape beds and gardens as far north as Minnesota. Yellow Nutsedge, crabgrass, common Bermuda grass, clover, and annual bluegrass are among the most prevalent weeds around Metro Atlanta. Bermuda grass can also handle high wear and bounces back quicker. Fire ants are a big problem. ) is an important warm-season, perennial, sod-forming forage grass in Georgia and throughout the Southeast. It also thrives in well-drained soils. Always check the packaging information. Zoysia grass is also unique in that it thrives in cooler temperatures, 75 degrees Fahrenheit and below, and not in the heat. Bahiagrass prefers full sun, but it tolerates limited shade better than Bermuda. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Vigoro Bermuda Grass Seed Blend. So, without further ado, let’s jump in and get to know 7 of the beautiful grass types that are perfect for Texas yards. This means it’s best to control Chamberbitter in the early summer before it has begun to seed. This grass has a dark green color, short flat leaves, and its height may range from 10 to 40 cm (4-16 inches). 5–1. If your lawn grass survives from year to year, identification starts with cool- or warm-season. General Characteristics of Weed Species When Grouped as Broadleaf weeds,. There are three types of combat extreme grass, but in Virginia, the type that you want is combat extreme north. Bermuda grass offers around 50 grass types, while fescue provides over 300. Bermuda grass is a warm-season grass that thrives in warm temperatures, typically between 75 and 95°F. Bermuda is a type of grass that is perennial and warm-season. Image By: BLUEwalkerXV, Shutterstock. Bermuda is drought resistant,. In the transition zone, the region where. Grass pollen can be incredibly difficult to avoid, especially when it’s as pervasive as Bermuda. Check out these varieties of hybrid. We’re talking about turf grass. Princess Bermuda Grass: Princess Bermuda grass is a fine-textured variety that thrives in warm climates. The root system from the grass spreads out across the ground, then establishes a new blade of grass with its own root system that spreads further. It is a cool-season, fast-germinating turf used in this region to overseed warm-season lawns like Bermuda grass. Varieties that fall in between include Yuma, Oasis, Ormond, Mohawk, Tifton 85, Russell, Coastal, Tiflawn, TifSport, Tifway II and TifGrand bermuda grass. Tifway 419 grass. Types of Bermuda Grass. They may become semi-dormant during hot and/or dry periods of summer. Common Bermudagrass. Now I know that 14 varieties of common weeds in Bermuda grass lawns can be a scary thought, but thankfully this doesn’t mean you need 14 different treatments. This is another of the best grass for Oklahoma lawns. Bermuda grass is a popular turfgrass that is commonly used for lawns, golf courses, athletic fields, and parks. The second-most common grass type in the old ball game is a blended mix. Water until the soil is wet to a depth of 4 to 6 inches. stuffiness. Kentucky Bluegrass. It will die each year as it finishes its cycle, although new plants coming up from seed in the same area may give the impression that it is the same plant. Lateral buds develop at the nodes to produce erect or ascending stems that reach 5 to 40 cm (rarely over 90 cm) in height. Mole crickets, grubs, ground pearls, bermudagrass mites, bermudagrass scales, and nematodes are the most common insect pests. It features a deep green color with a fine texture. Mellor. As a result, Bermuda grass forms a thick, dense lawn. High impact activities such as football, soccer, baseball and golf are no problem for TifTuf because it withstands wear and. g. While they could be hard to maintain given its requirement for water and fertilizer, Bermuda grass grows densely and beautifully. Last updated: Aug 15 2023. Tifway 419 Bermuda grass is one of the most durable hybrid Bermuda selections available. Hybrid Bermuda grass, or sterile vegetative hybrids, is a cross-product of common Bermuda grass and African Bermuda grass. It has excellent heat, drought, and salt tolerance but does not do well in shade. 1. 40 to $0. Bermudagrass has excellent wear, drought, and salt tolerance and can withstand low temperatures by transitioning into dormancy. Augustine grass. It grows well in residential and commercial areas in Florida and all over the Southern United States. The popular Bermuda grass has a deep root system that often extends up to 6 inches down. This grass has a creeping, spreading habit. Each type of grass requires a specific mowing height to stay healthy and look its best! Zoysia grasses with wider blades are maintained at a height of 1 to 2 inches, while those with more narrow blades are maintained at 0. With its fine texture and gorgeous color, Latitude 36 will surely make your home and lawn stand out in the neighborhood. Warm-season grass originates in the South and grows best in hot weather. Common Lespedeza. Bermuda grass is most prone to dollar spots from late spring through fall. Augustine grass will, however, need more frequent watering. Weed control for bermuda grass is essential for a healthy lawn. 3. Last updated: 19 September 2023. Care: During peak growth, consider fertilizing monthly. Native Area: East Africa, India. Lateral buds develop at the nodes to produce erect or ascending stems that reach 5 to 40 cm (rarely over 90 cm) in height. Its extensive and deep roots provide a second avenue of growth via its rhizomes. Tifway 419 Grass 3. , preferably between 4 and 6 a. Understanding The Types Of Bermuda Grass. Thanks for the replies. 5. Inflorescence: Panicle with 2-9 spicate branches arranged in a digitate manner at the apex of the culm. If you dig up an established plant, it will have only ordinary fibrous roots. This low-maintenance grass is a great option for high-traffic areas. St. The leaves are about half an inch long and oval-shaped. Tifway 419 Bermuda Grass: Tifway 419 is a popular Bermuda grass variety often used on sports fields and golf courses. Roundup also works well on shallow-rooted Bermudagrass, while Super Concentrated Vinegar 15X Power is a powerful liquid solution that can be used at full strength or diluted up to 1:13 with water for killing. These are classified as: Common Bermuda Grass – the original variety, found in nature and used for feed or as a filler. Bermuda Grass View in gallery via Pennington. While this grass insn’t native to the area, it is a sustainable choice Wichita because it retains the characteristics of both cool-season and warm-season grasses. Growth habit This grass has a creeping, spreading habit. Though weed growth may be inevitable if you do everything right, the growth habits of healthy bermuda grass make it hard for these weeds to thrive. Graze close or burn off old grass. It grows best on well-drained, fertile soils where ample moisture is available. There are several varietals of St. 6. Image: Flickr/Jeff Haskins. Hardiness Zone: 4–5. Browse 217 images of bermuda grass photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more photos and images. Of the vast number of grass types in existence, Bermuda grass is a rather strange breed. Native to Africa, it was introduced in the U. It produces a medium-dense turf with a bright medium green color. Zoysia Grass – Zoysia tenuifolia. Bermuda grass is known for its aesthetically pleasing fine, dark green blades. E-Z Turf Midiron is an excellent grass for general-purpose homeowner use. Since the recommended cutting height differs for the hybrids and common Bermuda, I just figured it would be a nice thing to know. Mow Height: 0. Bermuda grass grows a thick carpet in the right conditions, preventing the new growth of weeds by not allowing. Bermuda lawn can be mowed with a rotary or push mower. Fast germinating, but not heat and drought tolerant. 3. Fescue grasses do not spread by stolons or rhizomes. Professional installation will at least double the cost. For southern lawns, consider Bermuda grass, centipede grass, zoysia grass and tall fesuce. Last Updated on March 7, 2023 by Mattias. Because of its fast. However, it does not grow well in deep shade. 5–1. Texas residents may well fall in love with buffalo grass. Preferably, it should have an NPK ratio of around 16-0-8. Both seeded and hybrid varieties are durable. #2. If you are dealing with more persistent Bermuda grass, mix 5 tbsp to one gallon of water. . Zoysiagrass. The popular Bermuda grass has a deep root system that often extends up to 6 inches down. Last updated: Aug 15 2023. The chinch bugs will float to the surface. Planting Bermuda Grass. Full SunMedium Maintenance1"-2" Mow Hei. There are dozens of varieties of bermudagrass. Augustine grass requires three to six pounds of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet of lawn annually, while Bermuda grass only needs about one to four pounds for the same area. This grass is both durable and beautiful—its dense growing pattern make it a great choice for Carolina homeowners whose lawns receive a lot of wear and tear. Its extensive and deep roots provide a second avenue of growth via its rhizomes. As long as you provide it with the right conditions, Bermuda grass is simple to grow. Japonica is most similar to your typical lawn grass and needs a moderate level of water for proper growth. Bermuda grass contributes large amounts of wind-borne pollen to the air every allergy season. It can grow well in clay soils, but prefers other soil types. Sir Grange is a fineleaf, shade and sun tolerant grass that exhibits good drought tolerance qualities. Many describe bermudagrass as a “vine grass” because of its particular “tangled” way of growing. It is a fast-growing grass that spreads by seeds and stolons and rapidly colonizes new areas and grows forming dense mats. How to Kill Chamberbitter. On average, this weed grows to a height of about 1 to 3 feet. In Bermuda it has been known as "crab grass" (also a name for. Bermuda Grass, Tall Fescue, Creeping Red Fescue, Buffalo Grass, Zoysia Grass, Bluegrass, Centipede Grass, and Ryegrass tend to do best in Tennessee, depending on your region. 2. Among the best type of grass is Bermuda grass that has excellent traits for such high-traffic areas. Hybrid Bermuda grasses are less dense, soft and greener as well as more finely-textured than common Bermuda grasses. TifTuf ® Bermudagrass was developed with this challenge in mind. Each type of grass requires a specific mowing height to stay healthy and look its best! Zoysia grasses with wider blades are maintained at a height of 1 to 2 inches, while those with more narrow blades are maintained at 0. In this video, I do a good ol' comparison video to help you know how to choose the best grass for your. Amid the ideal variety of grass is Bermuda grass that has superb attributes for these kinds of substantial-site visitors regions. Once you have located them, treat the area with a soil insecticide labeled for control of chinch bugs and approved for Bermuda grass. Sandburs are an annual grassy weed that grow up to one foot tall. Drought Tolerance: Very High. Grazing hay types will result in intermittent forage production through the season, where stocking rates must be lower and grazing stubble heights must be kept higher (≥3 inches) than grazing types. Step 2: It's safe to spray a light mist over the plants. Tall Fescue. It is tolerant of drought and wind, and can also survive in partial shade (although is best grown in full sun). The idea here is that the shortcomings of one grass type are compensated by the strengths of the other varieties. Here’s a breakdown of zoysia vs. Use a complete N-P-K turf-grade fertilizer that provides about 1 pound of nitrogen per 1,000 sq ft or the amount recommended on your soil test. Among the best type of grass is Bermuda grass that has excellent traits for such high-traffic areas. 5G Granular Insecticide. Nevertheless, it. St. . Large crabgrass roots at. Wild Garlic and Onion. Bermuda grass will do well all over Alabama, but it might die back to the ground in the winter. With its ability to withstand various climates and thrive in different conditions, Bermuda grass has become a top choice for many homeowners and landscapers. A key difference between zoysia grass and Bermuda grass is blade width. Bermuda grass is one of the best types of grass for North Carolina, a sturdy, warm-season variety that can handle heavy use and diverse. tall in the summer and then. TifTuf grass is a Bermuda grass sod that is known for its excellent wear and drought tolerance. Control. St. Princess 77 4. Minimize the amount of shade. It has a medium texture and excellent wear tolerance, making it ideal for high-traffic areas. Pasture Fertilization: Apply 250 - 350 lbs. Correct water problems; don't over-fertilize. Both these grassy, clump-forming weeds have long, jointed stems that fan out like fingers or the legs of a crab. The rotary mower is used on E-Z Turf Midiron when selecting a base height anywhere. Blackjack Bermuda grass is an improved variety of Bermuda. Not only is this grass drought and heat tolerant, but it is salt-tolerant as well. If you live in the south or the transition zone, then Zoysia grass is an excellent dark green grass type for your lawn. The cost of tall fescue and Bermuda grass seed will depend on what is available locally but at the time of this writing the cost of basic, common strains of either should run about $8 to. From far left: Bermuda, bentgrass, fescue, zoysia, poa and rye. Use an Atrazine Weed Killer as a preemergent in centipede and st. Bermuda grass grows well in drier regions, especially in the southern part of the United States, under different soil types with pH ranges of 5. Seeding and Overseeding Thin Lawns. Killing bermuda grass is not like killing other types of lawn and garden weeds. Identify To the untrained eye, distinguishing turf grass from grassy weeds is tough because the two can look identical. 1. A follow-up application may be required for sturdy weeds, or to get the second crop of seeds that sprouted. It is a grass that adapts well to just about anything the weather can throw at it. Due to its drought tolerance, TifTuf Bermuda grass is replacing Tifway (419) as the new standard turfgrass in residential and commercial landscapes as well as use in other high traffic areas like parks & sports fields. Bermudagrass scale. Bermudagrass is the most widely used species on athletic fields and golf course fairways / tee boxes due to its high wear tolerance and rapid. Augustine is developed continuously and at present has three species (Raleigh, Palmetto and. Send feedback Send feedbackUse a mower bag to collect the dead cuttings to avoid adding to the thatch. This fine-bladed grass has a vigorous growth rate and is resilient to heavy foot traffic. These are classified as: Common Bermuda Grass – the original variety, found. Bermudagrass or wiregrass in lawn. Browse 570+ bermuda grass stock photos and images available, or search for bermuda grass lawn or bermuda grass hay to find more great stock photos and pictures. 09 and $0. The foliage has a gray-green color;. Bermudagrass ( Cynodon species) is a medium- to fine-textured warm-season turfgrass that spreads by rhizomes and stolons. It is an extremely drought-hardy, durable, and versatile. Grass stickers, grass burrs, pricking monsters, burweed, field sandbur sticker plants, sticker burrs, caltrop, yellow vine, sticker burrs, puncture vine, goat head, burweed stickers,… these are just some of the names of stickers, though they are collectively called sticker weeds! 2. There are over 50 different types of Bermuda grass. 5. There are two major types of Bermuda grass, hybrid and common: Common Bermuda grass: This seeded type of Bermuda grass has a light-green color and a rough texture. It has excellent heat,. The 12 Types of Grass. Some of the most popular cold-season types of grass in South Carolina: Tall Fescue Grass: Tall Fescue is one of the best grass for South Carolina. Depending on the dilution rate, you can use it on driveways, along fences as well as around flower beds, trees, fruit, and vegetable gardens. Over the past several years, many improved varieties of Common Bermuda have been created which are discussed separately below. For example, determinate cherry tomato plants will need a pot that is around 18 inches wideFollow these methods to overseed your Centipede lawn with Bermuda grass: Mow your grass to a height of 1–1. Unfortunately, it is not quite as hardy as Bermuda. Bermuda is a warm-season grass popular for Southern lawns, as it tolerates heat and drought well. The golf ball can roll in a very straight line on Bent grass. itchiness in the nose, roof of the mouth, throat, eyes, or. Yukon grass can be mowed at a height of 1/4 inch because it is a lower-growing variety. Centipedegrass. com. With that said, Bermudagrass is best suited for southern climates. Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp. Full SunMedium Maintenance1"-2" Mow Hei. Although both types of grass prefer full sun, Bahia tolerates partial shade better than Bermuda grass. Bermuda grass is a turf grass commonly found growing in warm weather locations worldwide. It’s a good idea to consult with local lawn and garden professionals on more specific recommendations for your site and intended use. Buffalo Grass. Perennial ryegrass. A few examples of turf grass include Kentucky bluegrass, ryegrass, Bermuda grass, zoysia grass, St. Some of the grassy weeds are tough to control and may require the application. But they are not. Here are some pictures of St. The two types of grass can be grown in different ways. It is a very stable turf grass, resembling hybrid characteristics such as pest and drought resistance. augustine lawns. Lawn Grasses for Sun & Shade. This means it’s best to control Chamberbitter in the early summer before it has begun to seed. dactylon (L. Bermuda grass and zoysia both have a strong preference for full sun. Augustine Grass—fine leaved, dark-green, and perfect for sun or shade. USDA Hardiness Zone. For example, when you’re putting on Bermuda greens, if the grass has a shine to it, you’re putting down grain which will speed up the putt. To help combat this, mix Bermuda Grass with Tall Fescue or Kentucky Bluegrass for some cold tolerance. It is a go-to ground cover for athletic fields, golf courses and large lawns. With fescue growing to 4 inches tall and Bermuda only reaching 2 inches, both grass types will contribute to a vibrant yard that boosts curb appeal. Close up of a southern lawn with thick Bermuda grass growing during the summer months. Bloom time: Non-flowering. Both these grassy, clump-forming weeds have long, jointed stems that fan out like fingers or the legs of a crab. Types of grass . There are over 50 different types of Bermuda grass. 2. Hardiness zones: 7-10. Bermuda grass needs around 1 inch of water per week, and it takes 30 minutes of deep watering to get half an inch of water. Bermuda Grass. However, if you have a zoysia grass lawn and there’s bermuda grass creeping into it, then the bermuda grass is considered a weed. Use whichever variant is best for your area. Common, or seeded, Bermuda grass is the more predominant. Cultivators have developed numerous varieties for this type of grass over the past few years and many are finer and denser than previous ones. In comparison, Bermuda grass spreads fast and might turn into an invasive species. Tifway 419 Bermudagrass. Bermuda grasses fall into three categories: Common Bermuda, Improved Common Bermuda, and Hybrid. This is a fine leaf grass that has a dense growth habit. lar to or slightly poorer than that of common Bermuda grass if the two are fertilized alike and sampled at the same growth stage (Table 3). The popular Bermuda grass has a deep root system that often extends up to 6 inches down. Its dense, rapidly spreading growth habit allows for it to recover from injury quickly and contributes to its excellent weed resistance, i. Help. Centipede grass is a type of grass that typically grows in moist locations. Some people are used to playing golf on other types of grass, such as Bent Grass. If you're comparing two lawns side-by-side, it's useful to know that zoysia goes dormant later in. Augustine will and generally requires a much richer soil condition. St. Because of its ability to thrive in extremely warm weather. This will happen again in the fall. Bermuda grass and zoysia grass have their advantages. Photo: Kevin Mathias, UMD. Leaf Texture: Coarse. augustine, as well as tall fescue, bermuda, and zoysia. ’. While not as lush as some grasses, it grows well in sandy soils. TifTuf ® Bermudagrass was developed with this challenge in mind. ) 3) Crabgrass has a simple root system. In addition, Bermuda grass can withstand extended periods of dryness and is usually considered. Learn more about cold hardiness, and determine your hardiness zone with the USDA Cold Hardiness map. Read also: 21 Types of Bermuda Grass. La Prima Bermuda grass. The majority of those weeds are gone in one spraying of the appropriate herbicide. Yet, it has a few benefits which we are going to mention in this article. 5 inches. Bahiagrass is a drought-tolerant, warm-season grass. It works with just about any type of soil. Bermuda grass is quite popular given its many great traits, including the ability to grow in harsh conditions. 1. Hydromulch, a mix of paper pulp, tackifier (making the product sticky), fertilizer, and seed. Its flowers are arranged in finger-like arrays of 2 to 15 spike-like clusters, which are organized. By Ragan and Massey, Inc. 14 Types of Bermuda Grass With Pictures Are you in search of the right turf for your lawn, something that can exude greenery all around? A lush green carpeted garden adds. Bloom time: Non-flowering. Water 3 to 4 times daily to keep the seed and soil surface moist. m. Kentucky Bluegrass. Type: Grass. During periods of extended low temperatures, bermudagrass will turn brown. Bermuda Grass is a warm-season turfgrass that is often used for golf courses, sports fields, parks, and residential and commercial properties. The trick with RoundUp is to make sure to apply it when its nice and dry outside without a threat of rain. Most types of Bermuda grass are suitable for USDA plant hardiness zones 7 to 10. Zoysia is grayish-green. The ryegrass will die off in the late spring and the Bermuda grass will take over. Common bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon) is predominantly tetraploid (2 n = 4 x = 36 chromosomes) and produces outcrossed seed because of various levels of self-incompatibility (4). Bermuda grass (scientific name Cynodon dactylon) is a highly invasive weed. For example, bermuda grass is a specific type of grass when it grows where it’s supposed to. Lespedeza has a woody stem and flowering weed that can grow just about anywhere in your Bermuda grass lawn. Image Credit: BLUEwalkerXV, Shutterstock. - little moisture or heavily shaded). If Chamberbitter has already. Coverage: 30 lbs. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Images Of Bermuda Grass stock. Bermuda grass is quite popular given its many great traits, including the ability to grow in harsh conditions. Warm daytime temperatures between 59°F and 86°F and fairly cool nights promote dollar spot growth. It is a fast-growing grass that spreads by seeds and stolons and rapidly colonizes new areas and grows forming dense mats. dactylon (L. Sod is usually sold by the pallet, with an added cost if delivered to your. Fine fescue: Fine fescue is made up of several fescue grass varieties, such as sheep fescue, Chewing fescue, and hard fescue. To thrive, Zoysia needs hot weather as well as full sun. St. Ensure your bermudagrass receives 1 inch of water each week. Bermudagrass does not persist on poorly-drained Flatwoods soils but can be successfully grown on deep sandy soils because of its deep root system. Common lawn grasses in the country's southern half are warm-season grasses, which peak in growth during hot summer months. The seeds start to grow quickly when soil temperatures are above 55 degrees. Bermuda grass will remain green all year in tropical climates such as a California climate. The St. Bermudagrass is a warm-season perennial plant that thrives in tropical and subtropical regions. Bahiagrass. These three zoysia types are: Zoysia japonica, Zoysia matrella and Zoysia tenuifolia. You’ll probably be able to get away with two or three. 5 inches. ) is a highly variable, sod forming perennial that spreads by stolons, rhizomes and seed. So it grows extremely rapidly and can often take over an area. Symptoms. Hybrid Bermudagrass is sterile, it does not produce pollen. Moisten seed with syrup to hold inoculum. The only downside to Bermuda Grass is that if not taken care of properly then it can be a bit invasive – making regular maintenance essential to keep your lawn looking great all year round. This Bermuda grass disease is also caused by the fungi Claireedia homoeocarpa. No lawn is ever going to be completely weed-free at any given time. m. 5. The 5 Types of Grass in Tennessee. 0 inches long. Bermuda grass is quite popular given its many great traits, including the ability to grow in harsh conditions. It has a fine texture and good shade tolerance, making it a versatile lawn option. How to get rid of bluegrass in your lawn. During the first week of new sod, water every day. 1. But one major difference is that St. Image Credit: Doikanoy, Shutterstock. It can grow up to 2 ft. Bermudagrass is a drought tolerant, warm-season, perennial grass species that tolerates low mowing and actively spreads vegetatively by. The foliage has a gray-green color; leaves are about 1. It has a lower shoot density than hybrid grass, but it has a higher nutritional value.